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Dark Freedom
The Rise of Western Lawlessness
by C.W. Steinle
Copyright 2015 by C.W. Steinle
All rights reversed

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Showing posts with label mystery of lawlessness. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mystery of lawlessness. Show all posts

Thursday, March 17, 2016

Dark Freedom: The Rise of Western Lawlessness - Chapter Eleven

Dark Freedom: The Rise of Western Lawlessness - Chapter Eleven

by C.W. Steinle
Copyright 2015 by C.W. Steinle

Copyrighted material.  All rights reserved.  No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise - without written permission from the publisher.  This book may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to purchase this book or share with another person, please purchase a copy for each reader from any online bookseller.  Visit Dark-Freedom.com for purchase details or: http://darkfreedombook.com/

Part III - The Everlasting Kingdom
Law-Abiding Grace

As stated in the introduction, lawlessness is next to godlessness.  To deny the law of God is to deny the God of the law. The Bible plainly and repeatedly points out that the ungodly do not like to think about God.  Paul says in Romans, they don't "like to retain God in their knowledge." - Psalm 9:17 speaks of nations that forget God; "The wicked shall be turned into Hell, and all the nations that forget God."  And Psalm 119 says of those "who follow after wickedness; They are far from Your law."
Drifting away from God's government (God's law) is equivalent to falling away from God.  How can the citizens of the United States appreciate laws in general when the civil judges have lost respect for the constitutional laws of the land?  Society at large is blind to the fact that falling away from the God of laws will inevitably lead the soul into confusion, and the state into chaos.  The message of grace in many of today's western churches conveys that it is possible to leave the law behind without falling away from God.  Seeker friendly churches are adapting to the lawless western lifestyle by implying that the law has been replaced by grace.  Whereas, in truth, grace reveals God's purpose in giving the laws.
In his letters to the Romans and the Galatians, Paul instructed those churches concerning the functional roles of law and grace.  Peter described the freedom that we have in Christ, but also warned Christians not to misuse their freedom.  Why were law and grace given separately?  Can law and grace be reconciled by human logic?  In order to answer these questions it is helpful to examine the circumstances under which the laws of Moses were given, and the timing of God's provision of grace afforded by Christ.
To recognize why the law and grace had to be given separately we must return once again to Mount Sinai.  First we will recount the actual event from the Book of Exodus.  Then we will glean from Moses' reflection on that event from Deuteronomy.  The Deuteronomy passage explains clearly why the law had to be given in advance of God's grace.
"Then the Lord said to Moses, ‘Go to the people and consecrate them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their clothes.  And let them be ready for the third day.  For on the third day the Lord will come down upon Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people.  You shall set bounds for the people all around, saying, 'Take heed to yourselves that you do not go up to the mountain or touch its base.  Whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death.  Not a hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned or shot with an arrow; whether man or beast, he shall not live.' When the trumpet sounds long, they shall come near the mountain.’  So Moses went down from the mountain to the people and sanctified the people, and they washed their clothes.  And he said to the people, ‘Be ready for the third day; do not come near your wives.’
Then it came to pass on the third day, in the morning, that there were thunderings and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain; and the sound of the trumpet was very loud, so that all the people who were in the camp trembled.  And Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet with God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain.  Now Mount Sinai was completely in smoke, because the Lord descended upon it in fire.  Its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly.  And when the blast of the trumpet sounded long and became louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by voice.  Then the Lord came down upon Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain. And the Lord called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up." - Exodus 19:10-20
"Now all the people witnessed the thunderings, the lightning flashes, the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled and stood afar off.  Then they said to Moses, ‘You speak with us, and we will hear; but let not God speak with us, lest we die.’  And Moses said to the people, ‘Do not fear; for God has come to test you, and that His fear may be before you, so that you may not sin.’  So the people stood afar off, but Moses drew near the thick darkness where God was.  Then the Lord said to Moses, ‘Thus you shall say to the children of Israel: 'You have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. . .'" - Exodus 20:18-22
This passage demonstrates the assertion of the last chapter; that the fear of the Lord comes directly as a result of experiencing the presence of God.  Furthermore, it is this awe of the living God which motivates people to obey Him; that His fear may be before you, so that you may not sin.  But the presence of the Lord is overwhelming to humanity in its weak and fallen state.  In every instance of God's revelation of Himself, God had to make a provision so that men would be able to withstand the awesomeness of His presence.  God hid Moses in the cleft of the rock.  For the priests in the tabernacle it was the blood of propitiation.  Isaiah's lips were touched by a purifying ember.  The Spirit had to raise Ezekiel to his feet.  Thus a provision would have to be made so that the common people of Israel might be blessed rather than terrified by God's presence.
"The Lord your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren. Him you shall hear, according to all you desired of the Lord your God in Horeb in the day of the assembly, saying, 'Let me not hear again the voice of the Lord my God, nor let me see this great fire anymore, lest I die.'"   "And the Lord said to me: 'What they have spoken is good.   I will raise up for them a Prophet like you from among their brethren, and will put My words in His mouth, and He shall speak to them all that I command Him.   And it shall be that whoever will not hear My words, which He speaks in My name, I will require it of him.'" – Deut. 18:15-19
Risto Santala pointed out that the writings of the Rabbis acknowledged that a second Prophet like Moses would come:
The Midrash literature on Moses speaks of the 'First' and the 'Last' Saviours. Midrash Rabbah on Ecclesiastes relates how R. Berechiah said in the name of R. Yits-hak, who lived before the year 300 AD, that:
"Just as there was a First Saviour so there will be a Last.  Just as it is said of the First Saviour (Ex. 4:20) that 'He took his wife and sons and put them on a donkey', so it is said of the Last Saviour that 'He is lowly and riding on a donkey'(Zech. 9:9).  As the First Saviour provided manna (Ex. 16), as it is written, 'Behold I will pour out bread from heaven upon you,' so will the Last Saviour, as it is written (Ps. 72:16), 'Let corn abound throughout the land'.  Just as the First Saviour opened a fountain, so the Last Saviour will provide water, as it is written (Joel 3:18), 'A fountain will flow out of the LORD'S house'." - Midrash Qoheleth Rabbati 1.
We have seen that in the light of the old Jewish literature the Messiah is to be a "Second Moses" and the "Last Saviour"; he will be called by the name "Lord"; grace and truth will be united in him; he will be conceived by the Holy Spirit; he will speak and act in the name of God, and that will be his distinguishing "sign"; in this way he will show himself to be Moses "redivivus".  All of these features apply to Jesus.109
God knew ahead of time how the people would react to His presence on the mountain.  He wanted them to have a 'dose' of His presence so they would know their God personally, instead of merely knowing about Him.  The Children of Israel already had an indirect knowledge of God's existence based on His miracles.  No amount of data gathered about God can replace an actual encounter with God.  But in man's fallen state, the presence of God is outside of man's comfort zone.  The sinner's first inclination to the actual presence of God is to run and hide from Him, just like Adam did in the garden after his sin.
Therefore God gave His law as a means of provisional government until that time when Messiah would come and make peace by the blood of His cross.  The mediator of the New Covenant brought peace, grace, and the outpouring of the Spirit.  "For the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ." - John 1:17 Because of the peace and forgiveness purchased by the blood of Jesus, Christians can actually experience the presence of God because they have entered into peace with God.  Note that Jesus' first word to His Disciples after His resurrection was, "Peace."  Because of this peace received through faith in the redemptive work of the cross, Christians actually long to be present with God, and they eagerly await Christ's bodily return.   For everyone who repents and believes, the sin that separated fallen man from His Maker has been washed away by the blood of the Lamb.
Now consider a simple analogy representing the harmony between law and grace.  The law embodies the rules of God, and grace imparts the life, peace, and the presence of God.  Imagine that a parent has built a small outdoor park for his children.  At some time in the future he will to able to spend time with them in the park.  But in lieu of his physical presence he posts instructive signs giving directions on the best and safest ways to enjoy each of the swings and slides and so forth.
Occasionally the kids don't follow the instructions and they get hurt.  Or they try to do something in different way, like swing from side to side; which the swings weren't designed to do.  They are usually sorry and go back to following the instructions.  After a while some neighborhood children come by and say that the signs are dumb, and that they were only posted to keep them from having more fun by doing things their own way.  The signs bother them.  Just having the signs there spoils everything for the neighbors who don't trust the father's advice, and would rather be free to experiment.
At a later time the father comes to spend time with his children.  He interacts with each one, and tends each one to see that they are having fun, while avoiding anything hazardous.  While he is present the kids don't really need the signs.  They would rather enjoy the time with their dad and appreciate his personal attention and advice.  Because he is there to help them he even allows them to do some special things that would have been to complicated to explain with a sign.  By spending time with their father they begin to understand why each sign was posted.  The father leaves the signs up so that if people should come by who don't know the father, and don't know how to play, they would still be informed of how to use the park facilities.
This analogy has its limitations.  In reality, God always sees what is happening.  God has never gone away.  But still God's presence was mostly concealed except for His miracles and answers to prayer.  Men were like sheep without a shepherd; like orphans until Jesus sent the Spirit to remain, even to the end of the age.  Under grace God's people can be directed daily by God Himself.  As long as Christians fear the Lord and walk in His Spirit, they do not require the law.  However, when Christians forget God and walk in the flesh, they are prone to transgression just like those who don't know God.  This is why Paul wrote in Romans 8:1, "There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit."
Again, to go beyond the analogy above, the Spirit received by those who believe in Jesus is the very life of God - eternal life.  But to enjoy the presence of God, Christians must continue in their faith.  We will deal with the issue of faltering as a Christian near the end of this chapter.  At this point let us deal with a few common questions regarding law and grace.  First we must recognize the fact that the differences between the Jerusalem Church of Jewish believers and the Gentile Churches were never settled during the time of the Apostles.  This dispute can only be argued using extra-biblical assumptions.  Such assumptions were indeed manufactured in later centuries.  Therefore since both practices were approved by the New Testament, the author is of the opinion that both the Messianic style and the post-apostolic style of worship are valid according to personal conviction.
That said, the Counsel of Jerusalem reduced the Old Testament laws to a minimum for the Gentile believer.  Why did they feel at liberty to do so?  First of all, the dietary laws were refuted by both Jesus and Paul; as well as by Peter's vision of the unclean animals.  Jesus said what goes into the body cannot defile a man.  Then why was the law ever given to the Jews?  Some laws seem to have been given to set the Jews apart from the other nations.  But also, without refrigeration many of the unclean animals had a history of causing problems.
The subject of washing procedures and special types of containers also makes sense based on hygienics.  Even though the microscope would not reveal the reason until thousands of years after the law, God knew that proper food handling and preparation would protect the people from diseases that might be spread into the Hebrew community.  God's rules on cleanliness helped keep the Israelites free from the diseases of the surrounding nations.
The observance of holy days was addressed by Paul in his letters to the Romans and the Corinthians.  The Early Church seems to have made a point of putting the new wine of the New Covenant into new wineskins.  The earliest records we have of Gentile weekly services calls for them to be held on the first day of the week - the weekday of the resurrection.  But the western churches, particularly Rome, insisted that the yearly celebration of Easter also be held on a different day than the Jewish Passover.   Rome even went so far as to excommunicate the Revelation churches of Asia because they insisted on celebrating on the day of the Jewish Passover.
But the Ten Commandments and the laws of sexual purity were not in any way expunged by the New Covenant.  In fact, they were made even more strict by Jesus in His Sermon on the Mount; condemning even intentionally meditating on these sins.  If we go back to the park analogy, those signs weren't taken down; they were repainted in bold letters!  If the reader has been taught to believe in a Lord who has come to take away His own law, they have not known the true Christ.  The law cannot give life anymore than the signs in the park could come to life and become the children's father.  The law is not alive, and it has no life to give.  The Bible says that if someone were able to keep the whole law; even in their heart, they would not be condemned to death.  But everyone, other than Jesus, has been born with a wayward and deceitful heart so that, under the law, all men are disqualified.  The law cannot save; and in this respect we are not under the law because we are saved by grace.  But in our conduct we cannot say that we are not under the law.  Whether we are under the law or under grace, if we transgress the will of God we have sinned.
Paul, who tells us that he was a member of the strictest sect of the Pharisees, saw this danger.  He wrote; "But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code" Romans 7:6.  Originally God justified Abraham on the grounds of his faith. Legal ordinances given some 430 years later to Moses cannot annul this "covenant previously established by God" (Gal. 3:16--19). To this day, Christ as the Messiah still has the answer to the Jewish Torah problem.
The "hedge" around the Law with its traditions and ordinances of men has now been torn down. The Ten Commandments are of course still valid as the irrevocable "words of the Covenant". The Christian's protective "hedge" is Christ himself, and so Paul in his letters uses over 160 times the phrase "to be in Christ". If we stray out of Christ, the "dogs of the Law," to use Luther's words will tear us to pieces. In this way the law serves the gospel. Here lay the background and logic of Paul's Torah teaching.110
God gave us both the law and grace.  Therefore both are good and beneficial.  Jesus countered the accusation that He had come to abolish the law by responding, "Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill.  For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled." – Matt. 5:17-18
The law was given for the necessary purpose of maintaining order in the midst of a fallen world.  "But we know that the law is good if one uses it lawfully, knowing this: that the law is not made for a righteous person, but for the lawless and insubordinate, for the ungodly and for sinners, for the unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, for fornicators, for sodomites, for kidnappers, for liars, for perjurers, and if there is any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine, according to the glorious gospel of the blessed God which was committed to my trust." - I Tim. 1:8-11
The law also confronts imperfect man with a perfect standard which exposes his inner defect of sin.  We are convicted by our inability to live up to God's standard, leaving us with an unsolvable dilemma: How can mortal man withstand the judgment of a holy God?  The Apostle Paul said it is this very predicament which directs us to grace as the only solution.
"Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God. Therefore by the deeds of the law no flesh will be justified in His sight, for by the law is the knowledge of sin." – Rom. 3:19-20
In Galatians 3:21-25, Paul explained that law and grace are not in opposition to one another.  "Is the law then against the promises of God?  Certainly not!  For if there had been a law given which could have given life, truly righteousness would have been by the law.  But the Scripture has confined all under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe.  But before faith came, we were kept under guard by the law, kept for the faith which would afterward be revealed.  Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.  But after faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor."
The corruption of sin has stained every man with the defect of inner corruption; a stain which can only be removed by living a perfect life in obedience to every law of God - a life that no one but Jesus has lived.  But God has made a way that the stain might be removed through the sacrifice of His Son on the cross.
"’Come now, and let us reason together,’
Says the Lord,
‘Though your sins are like scarlet,
They shall be as white as snow;
Though they are red like crimson,
They shall be as wool.’" - Isaiah 1:18
And even though this divine salvation from sin is supernatural, it is not beyond human comprehension.  There is a place for logic and human reasoning in the Christian faith.  "For this commandment which I command you today is not too mysterious for you, nor is it far off.  It is not in heaven, that you should say, 'Who will ascend into heaven for us and bring it to us, that we may hear it and do it?'  Nor is it beyond the sea, that you should say, 'Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us, that we may hear it and do it?'  But the word is very near you, in your mouth and in your heart, that you may do it." – Deut. 30:11-14
So how might we understand the mechanics of salvation?  Some have used the acronym for grace: God's Riches At Christ's Expense.  Others have called it "The Great Exchange," as described in II Cor. 5:21, "For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him."  This gift of grace bestowed upon those who believe in Christ is the complete forgiveness of sins, and the appropriation of God's righteousness - it is the righteousness of God imparted as a gift upon those who are incapable of righteousness on their own.  It cannot be earned.  It can only be accepted.  It is not based on personal merit.  It's based on the perfect sacrifice which Jesus offered for us on the cross.
"For we ourselves were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful and hating one another.  But when the kindness and the love of God our Savior toward man appeared, not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit, whom He poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior, that having been justified by His grace we should become heirs according to the hope of eternal life." - Titus 3:3-7
But why does John say that truth came through Jesus?  Jesus often began His statements; "Truly, truly, I say to you. . ."  Jesus spoke with authority from the full knowledge of the Godhead.  And Jesus is the true and only way to be reconciled to the Father.  Jesus said, "I am the way, the truth, and the life.  No one comes to the Father except through Me." - John 14:6
The life of God - eternal life, is honest life.  It is a holistic and wholesome life that is complete in Christ.  It is true life that sets men free to be who they were created to be. How broken is man in his fallen state!  How he is held back by his insecurity, by his circumstances, by mistakes and misfortunes.  But all the while, he attempts to hide his inner dissatisfaction as he searches within and without for his own identity; only to be more and more disenchanted with the imperfection of his fallen state.
Jesus came to give us life, abundant life, true life as life was meant to be - free from the problems of guilt, of sin, and even from the fear of death.  The New Covenant is the covenant of grace and truth.  It has been said that this gospel is so simple that it might be stated in four words; "Christ died for me."
"Not with the blood of goats and calves, but with His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption.  For if the blood of bulls and goats and the ashes of a heifer, sprinkling the unclean, sanctifies for the purifying of the flesh, how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?  And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance." – Heb. 9:12-15
If Christ did all of the work, is there anything left for us to do?  Yes.  Believe it!  How can you indicate that you understand that the only way to obtain righteousness is through Christ, and that you are placing your faith Him?  Confess what you believe to God and to others.
"For Moses writes about the righteousness which is of the law, ‘The man who does those things shall live by them.’ But the righteousness of faith speaks in this way, ‘Do not say in your heart, 'Who will ascend into heaven?'’ (that is, to bring Christ down from above) or, ‘Who will descend into the abyss?' (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead).  But what does it say?  ‘The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart’ (that is, the word of faith which we preach): that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved.  For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.  For the Scripture says, ‘Whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.’" – Rom. 10:5-11
"And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, ‘All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth.  Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.’" Amen.  Matt. 28:18-20
These verses, known as the Great Commission, instructed the Disciples to baptize and teach their converts.  In obedience to this directive, a believer should submit to water baptism as soon as possible after placing faith in Christ.  Water baptism signifies fellowship in Christ's death, burial, and resurrection.  Being immersed in water testifies of one's own death to self and sin.  Submersion in water signifies Christ's burial and the cleansing of sin by Christ's blood.  Rising up out of the water is a picture of Christ's resurrection, and the believer's new life in Christ.
It is the author's opinion that God will bless the new believer's act of baptism administered by any true Christian - whether they incorporate sprinkling or dunking.  In an emergency someone might even baptize themselves.  Faith, and the baptism by the fire of the convicting Holy Spirit, are the works of God unto salvation.  Church leaders have resolved to carry out Christ's work in various forms, and through various denominations; but they are only human.  They are sincerely trying to follow God's will.  And God will honor their interpretation of God's will, as long as it conforms to His Word.
Now let us return from this evangelistic interlude to our discussion of law and grace.  Where did western churches get the idea that grace has replaced the law in regard to conduct?  Just as Jesus said of Himself, grace didn't come to take away the law, but to fulfill the law.  The only time Christians need not heed the law, is when they are walking so close to God in the Spirit that the fear of God keeps them within the law - without the aid of the law.  That is the only time when they are not under the law; because they are under grace.  They are free from the law because the presence of God guides them and persuades them to keep the laws; thus writing God's law within their hearts and minds.
"For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has made me free from the law of sin and death.  For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh, that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.  For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit.  For to be carnally minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace.  Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be.  So then, those who are in the flesh cannot please God." – Rom. 8:2-8
When Christians are not walking in the Spirit of grace they cannot disregard the tutor of the law.  The law will keep them from getting too beat up, until such time when they become so hungry for the life of the Spirit that they repent and return to the presence of God.  Christians don't lose their salvation every time they wander from God, but if they continue in sin and stray from God's fellowship, what fruit will they bear to testify to their faith?  What treasure will they store up in heaven?  Too much time in the dark can cause Christians to doubt if they were ever really saved; as Peter taught, "But also for this very reason, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue, to virtue knowledge, to knowledge self-control, to self-control perseverance, to perseverance godliness, to godliness brotherly kindness, and to brotherly kindness love.  For if these things are yours and abound, you will be neither barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ.  For he who lacks these things is shortsighted, even to blindness, and has forgotten that he was cleansed from his old sins." - II Peter 1:5-9 (Emphasis added)
Sadly, the willingness of western Christians to disregard God's law shows that they have either not known His presence, or else they have forgotten what it was like to fear the Lord.  Instead of trying to conform to the world they need to come to the cross and repent.  Christ is ready to forgive, to cleanse, and to fill those who believe He is the Lord with His Holy Spirit.  Then they will receive the love of God, and also know the holiness and majesty of His presence.  Without the fear of the Lord the nominal Church cannot even claim it has received saving grace; and it will never keep the law.  And if the Church has become lawless, how will the world come to respect the law?  Without the law to act as a tutor, what standard will draw the lost to Christ?
Now we will proceed to the touchiest and most politically incorrect issue of the Mosaic Laws; the punishments proscribed for breaking those laws.  "For the wages of sin is death." – Rom. 6:23a  Is this true?  The Christian who understands the importance of staying close to the Shepherd should be willing to pray; "Lord, do whatever it takes to give me victory over that sin which spoils my fellowship with You."  Because sin cuts man off from the life of God, Jesus said in His Sermon on the Mount that it is better that a man should cut off part of his own body - if that member separates him from eternal life.  We don't see voluntary dismemberment modeled in New Testament writings, nor by the Early Church. (Apart from Origin)
Voluntary dismemberment and self-flagellation are no more acceptable to God than suicide.  The Mosaic laws say is wrong to cut one's own flesh as was the custom of the prophets of Baal.  But sin should appear so deadly, to those who understand the holiness of God, that they should be willing to do whatever it takes to gain victory over anything that opposes God's will.
"You have heard that it was said to those of old, 'You shall not commit adultery.'  But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.  If your right eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and cast it from you; for it is more profitable for you that one of your members perish, than for your whole body to be cast into Hell.  And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and cast it from you; for it is more profitable for you that one of your members perish, than for your whole body to be cast into Hell." – Matt. 5:27-30
Physical death and dismemberment cannot separate the soul from God.  "For I am persuaded that neither death nor life, nor angels nor principalities nor powers, nor things present nor things to come, nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing, shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord." – Rom. 8:38-39 But sin can, and does, separate us from God.
"Behold, the Lord’s hand is not shortened,
That it cannot save;
Nor His ear heavy,
That it cannot hear.
But your iniquities have separated you from your God;
And your sins have hidden His face from you,
So that He will not hear." - Isaiah 59:1-2
Now if Christians actually possess such a desire to have victory over sin that they would be willing to suffer discomfort at the hands of God in order to be sanctified, and to have fellowship restored, why would they object to punishment at the hands of the civil authority to correct and punish those same sins?
Indeed, we see that the early Christian settlements in America actually desired, and created, civil laws fashioned after the Ten Commandments.  Likewise, those standards were adopted at the state and federal level by the founding Fathers of the United States.  For nearly 2,000 years the Church has recognized the grace of the New Covenant; and, at the same time, desired to have civil authority modeled after the laws of Moses.  Why suddenly, in the mid-twentieth century, did western culture begin to object to these laws, which seemed intuitive, good, and just throughout the previous generations? 
Once again the answer lies in the exaltation of self and the desire of mankind to erect its own kingdom with its own laws.  Westerners have been indoctrinated by socialists to believe that centralized power is evil.  Authoritarian government will lead to social injustice, and create an inequitable "class struggle."  The social engineers hold up the vision of a social order without laws and without authority - a headless body-of-state.  But it will never be.  Self-government is an oxymoron.  It is contrary to the divine model of the Godhead.  It is lawlessness.  The idea that law somehow conflicts with the Kingdom of God is a lie from the pit of Hell.
Nevertheless, a lack of faith in God and His power has led to a fear that unless man is in control, God might not be able to protect His children.  This lack of confidence in God to govern His people through the civil authority might be expected from the ungodly.  But the Church Patriotic has jumped aboard the socialist bandwagon right along with the world.  (We will learn in the last section of this book that America's rift with her leaders is part of a comprehensive plan to undermine the U.S. Republic.)
The take-away for the Church in this discussion of law and grace is that the New Testament amplifies God's government rather than diminishing it.  The New Testament declares that the Lord has come.  The gospel does not hide God's system of justice, it further reveals it.  "For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, "The just shall live by faith".  For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men." – Rom. 1:17-18a 
No matter how wayward the world and contemporary church culture might be, when a person is reborn of the Spirit into the Body of Christ, the Holy Spirit is still able to convict the heart of sin, and to instill a proper fear of the Lord.  But without proper exampling and discipleship, these new believers will be apt to be carried away by a culture obsessed with liberty and independence.
The world has no freedom to offer which can compare to the freedom found in Christ.  There is nothing more fulfilling than knowing God.  The fallen sin-self looks for freedom from all outside authority, but the soul set free by Christ is freed from its myopic mindset and soars in the vastness of the knowledge of God.  With the sin issue settled, the soul has nothing left to hide.  In the light of God's glory there remains no false sense of self-worthiness to defend.  Furthermore, the Christian is commissioned by God to accomplish His work by the power and gifting of the Holy Spirit, laying up eternal treasure in heaven.  But this purpose-filled life is only found by submitting to the King of glory.
Let us return one more time to the European Renaissance to observe God's remnant Church of God-fearing, self-denying believers.  At the same time that individualism and humanism were rising in response to Rome's errors, another movement was born in the Rhineland to carry the flame of true Christianity.  The fire from this camp, along with courage of Wycliffe, would kindle what would become the Protestant Reformation.  These Christians have been referred to as the German Mystics.  This title gives the impression that experiencing God's presence is mystical, or even optional, in the life of the believer.  But only a personal encounter with God can impart a genuine fear of the Lord. 
The theology of the German Mystics was not fully refined to remove the dross of personal assumptions.  But the fear of the Lord was instilled in these Christians who believed that Christ could be known personally.  They believed their names could be written in heaven without the necessity of having their names written on the roster of the apostate Roman Church.  We will only mention a few of the movement's prominent leaders.  Meister Eckart taught that God was in Christ, and Christ was in those who had been born again by becoming empty to self in order to seek after God.  John Tauler's writings are still quoted today in Protestant Churches.  The Friends of God consisted of various fellowships along the Rhine.  Their most influential writer used the pseudo-name, "The Overland."  The German Theology111 is a comprehensive statement of the German Mystics' beliefs; published around 1497.   Schaff gives the following synopsis.
The German Theology sets forth man's sinful and helpless condition, Christ's perfection and mediatorial work and calls upon men to have access to God through him as the door.  In all its fifty-four chapters no reference is made to Mary or to the justifying nature of good works or the merit of sacramental observances.  It abounds as no other writing of the German mystics did in quotations from the New Testament.  In its pages the wayfaring man may find the path of salvation marked out without mystification.
The book, starting out with the words of St. Paul, "when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away," declares that that which is imperfect has only a relative existence and that, whenever the Perfect becomes known by the creature, then "the I, the Self and the like must all be given up and done away."  Christ shows us the way by having taken on him human nature.  In chs. XV.-LIV., it shows that all men are dead in Adam, and that to come to the perfect life, the old man must die and the new man be born.  He must become possessed with God and depossessed of the devil.  Obedience is the prime requisite of the new manhood.  Sin is disobedience, and the more "of Self and Me, the more of sin and wickedness and the more the Self, the I, the Me, the Mine, that is, self-seeking and selfishness, abate in a man, the more doth God's I, that is, God Himself, increase."  By obedience we become free.  The life of Christ is the perfect model, and we follow him by hearkening unto his words to forsake all.  This is nothing else than saying that we must be in union with the divine will and be ready either to do or to suffer.  Such a man, a man who is a partaker of the divine nature, will in sincerity love all men and things, do them good and take pleasure in their welfare.  Knowledge and light profit nothing without love.  Love maketh a man one with God.  The last word is that no man can come unto the Father but by Christ.
In 1621 the Catholic Church placed the Theologia Germanica on the Index.  If all the volumes listed in that catalogue of forbidden books were like this one, making the way of salvation plain, its pages would be illuminated with ineffable light.112 
The Mystics found that God's presence could be experienced through Christ.  Later theologians categorized these believers as Mystics based on the fact that they claimed to have experienced a spiritual encounter with God.  Is this type of encounter, by which a person advances from knowing about God to making an actual acquaintance with Him, a realistic expectation?  Is experiencing God's presence a singular event in the Christian life?  Might such an encounter constitute the beginning of a true relationship with God; or is it something that comes through a lifetime of refinement, meditation, or education?  Lastly, what does self-denial have to do with drawing near to God?
In order to answer such questions let us consider a logical argument which Jesus gave to those who had accused Him employing demonic spirits to accomplish His miracles.
"And He was casting out a demon, and it was mute.  So it was, when the demon had gone out, that the mute spoke; and the multitudes marveled.  But some of them said, ‘He casts out demons by Beelzebub, the ruler of the demons.’  Others, testing Him, sought from Him a sign from heaven.  But He, knowing their thoughts, said to them: ‘Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation, and a house divided against a house falls.  If Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? Because you say I cast out demons by Beelzebub.  And if I cast out demons by Beelzebub, by whom do your sons cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges.  But if I cast out demons with the finger of God, surely the kingdom of God has come upon you.  When a strong man, fully armed, guards his own palace, his goods are in peace.  But when a stronger than he comes upon him and overcomes him, he takes from him all his armor in which he trusted, and divides his spoils.  He who is not with Me is against Me, and he who does not gather with Me scatters.’" - Luke 11:14-23
Now take this same line of reasoning and apply it to the self.  The self stands vigilant guard over its own house.  When a person confesses that Jesus is his Lord, that person is saying that he has handed over the keys to every area of his life.  But does that person really want Christ to possess him completely?  Is he really willing to have Christ take all of his soul as His spoil?  The self is a strong man.  It fights to retain some item of personal value that it is unwilling to be counted as Kingdom property.  The self reasons, "If all is Christ's, what will become of me?"
The problem from the standpoint of salvation is that sin bonds the self with the devil.  The house of self must be spoiled in order for Jesus to break that unholy alliance.  The real strong-man is the devil hiding behind the door of what appears to be one's own house.  People can try to clean house on their own, but unless they have honestly received Christ they will be self-deceived.  They might, through their own sense of guilt or willpower, obtain spans of victory over sin.  Nevertheless, in their heart they remain un-submitted to the authority of God.  Therefore the devil is still in the house; and can, at his whim, cause further destruction.
"When an unclean spirit goes out of a man, he goes through dry places, seeking rest; and finding none, he says, 'I will return to my house from which I came.'  And when he comes, he finds it swept and put in order.  Then he goes and takes with him seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter and dwell there; and the last state of that man is worse than the first." - Luke 11:24-26
Let us conclude this chapter on law and grace by reviewing Paul's warning about "self-imposed" religion.  "Therefore, if you died with Christ from the basic principles of the world, why, as though living in the world, do you subject yourselves to regulations -
‘Do not touch, do not taste, do not handle,’ which all concern things which perish with the using - according to the commandments and doctrines of men?  These things indeed have an appearance of wisdom in self-imposed religion, false humility, and neglect of the body, but are of no value against the indulgence of the flesh." – Col. 2:20-23
How has the reader's religion been imposed?  Was it imposed by parents, the Church, or the preferred state religion?  Is the reader relying upon his own self-imposition of God's law?  Or has the reader been imposed upon by the very real presence of God - by the convicting power of the Holy Spirit?  John the Baptist prepared the way for Jesus with a call to repentance.  Repentance unto salvation involves the honest admission that, up until the moment of surrender, the strong man of self is still guarding the house from the lordship of Christ.
God made His presence known at Mount Sinai so the people might fear Him and be obedient to His laws.  The children of Israel did not remain at the mountain forever.  In Deuteronomy Four, the parents were instructed to teach their children what they had experienced at Sinai along with the laws so that they might "learn to fear Me all the days they live on the earth."  The Holy Spirit has been sent by our ascended Lord so that each generation till the end of age can experience God for themselves.  Christians do not live every moment after their conversion actually experiencing the awesome presence of the Lord.  But between such experiences they remember what it is to fear the Lord.  The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom and knowledge.

The reality of the presence of God is the power which enables grace to govern in the place of the law; not contradicting the law, but superseding the law.  The misinformed and nominal church has never experienced the power of God; and, therefore, cannot fear Him because they have not known Him.  Yet they declare they can ignore the law because they are standing under the umbrella of grace.  They have neither submitted to law, nor grace.  They are out of control.  This is one of the delusions of lawlessness.

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Saturday, January 23, 2016

Dark Freedom: The Rise of Western Lawlessness - Chapter Four

Dark Freedom: The Rise of Western Lawlessness - Chapter Four

by C.W. Steinle
Copyright 2015 by C.W. Steinle


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Part I - Pulling Down Strongholds
Wrestling with Worldly Wisdom

As we consider worldly wisdom, we cannot and should not automatically condemn the wisdom of man.  Making the world a better place during man's sojourn on earth is certainly a noble cause.  In truth, man was placed on the earth and given the task of tending it and making it fruitful.  Christians should expect that unbelievers would spend their efforts on the earthly kingdom because they have chosen mortality over the eternal life which is in Christ.  "God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son."  But the Son did not come into the world to condemn it.  Therefore let us maintain the same compassion for humanity as our Father in heaven who, in His forbearance, "had passed over the sins that were previously committed to demonstrate at the present time His righteousness, that He might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus." - Rom. 3:25-26
It is, however, imperative for Christians to make a distinction between worldly wisdom and godly wisdom.  Man's wisdom often conflicts with God's truth.  As Paul pointed out to the Corinthian Church, the wisdom of fallen man tends to exalt itself and is innately resistant to the message of the cross.
"For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.  For it is written: "I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent."  Where is the wise?  Where is the scribe?  Where is the disputer of this age?  Has not God made foolish the wisdom of this world?  For since, in the wisdom of God, the world through wisdom did not know God, it pleased God through the foolishness of the message preached to save those who believe.  For Jews request a sign, and Greeks seek after wisdom; but we preach Christ crucified, to the Jews a stumbling block and to the Greek foolishness, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God.  Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men." -  I Cor. 1:18-25
The wisdom that we will examine in this chapter is the same Greek wisdom that the Apostles Paul and John addressed in their letters.  These philosophies originated with the ancient Greeks but they were further developed by western philosophers during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment.  We will discuss those developments in subsequent chapters.  Over the centuries these philosophies have been an ever-present threat to the wayward and uninformed body of Christ.  Their idealisms are wolves in sheep's clothing which have crept into the flock by degrees.  The main thrusts of their intrusion took place in five waves: before the time of Christ in the Grecian part of Roman Empire, during the Apologetic Age, through the writings of the Church Fathers, during the Renaissance, and through the Enlightenment.  Although they have changed their disguises, these philosophies continue to threaten the Church today.  The wisdom of man is the handmaiden of lawlessness.
Classical Greek philosophy intersects Biblical wisdom at several levels.  These intersecting subjects are: the concept of God, the presence of evil, the substance of reality, and the formation of the state.  The problem with these philosophical systems is that many of their conclusions are contrary to God's wisdom and God's ways.  The subtlety of these philosophies is that they are, for the most part, logical.  They sound reasonable to people who are not grounded in the God's truth.  Only a strong love of the truth can overcome these strong delusions.
The nineteenth Psalm and the first chapter of Romans assure us that God has broadcast the knowledge of His existence throughout the earth.  With good and noble hearts, the citizens of Greece have received the gospel of Christ with the greatest steadfastness of any nation.  As of June 22, 2014, CIA.gov has tabulated that 98% of Greece's current population identify themselves as Orthodox Christians.29 The Church of Greece has rejected both the ancient gods and the abstract gods created by their own classical philosophers.  But the Platonic influence has not been so successfully repelled by the West.  The gods of philosophy have proven to be the most powerful and dangerous of all of man's mythological gods.
John ended his first epistle with the words; "Little children, keep yourselves from idols." – I John 5:21  Modern Bible teachers often associate this reference to the worldly worship of wealth, sports, or other distractions.  John's letter was a rebuttal to the Gnostic notion of "special knowledge" that caused people to place their understanding above their love for others.  Thus, the idols of John's warning were more likely the theoretical gods created in the minds of the philosophers.  These convincing ideals have become so intertwined with today's Biblical concept of God that they seem invisible, or perhaps even inseparable, from the contemporary understanding of who God is.
The propensity of human nature to receive the Platonic ideals stems directly from the fact that the classical philosophers created their gods and governments in accordance with the desires of men.  Often these philosophies valued good qualities such as virtue and perfection, but always within a system that would give mankind the greatest advantage.  Many readers are acquainted with these philosophies.  But for the sake of those who are not, and also for the purpose of contrasting their assumptions with Biblical wisdom, a general review is provided below.  These contrasts are easily summarized by comparing their premises, as follows:
The God of the Bible chose for Himself His own special people, whereas the Greek philosophers chose for themselves their own special god.  God gave instructions in how the people were to serve Him, whereas the Platonic god is the servant of man.  The justice of God divides good and evil, whereas the justice of Plato moderates human behavior.  The Bible claims earthly authority is established by God, whereas Plato believed civil authority should be engineered by man.  The God of the Bible created man and then revealed Himself, and His salvation, through the Jews - to be a blessing to all mankind.  Plato created an intellectual god which is by the people and for the people; an imaginary god of lifeless ideals, approachable only through asceticism and knowledge.
As a preface to the Greek philosophers and their influence on Judaism and Christianity, it should be noted that the Greeks were first influenced by the Jews.  The books of Moses had been translated into Greek long before the composition of the Septuagint.  Homer's Odyssey30 was composed in the eighth century B.C.; roughly five hundred years after Moses.  Critical studies of Homer's poems reveal dozens of parallels to Moses' account of the history of the Jews.  Aristobulus of Paneas, who lived in the second century B.C., also believed that the poems of Homer and Hesiod contained content from Moses' writings.  Socrates' own disenchantment with the mythical Greek gods may have stemmed from his contemplation of the universal God of the Jews.  In his book, The Republic,31 Plato said that poems and stories by such authors as Homer and Hesiod should be censored because they depicted the gods as foolish, deceitful, and warmongering.  Plato believed that all deities should be good and virtuous.  Plato's teacher, Socrates, was charged with Atheism because he proposed a universal creator.
Socrates, as documented by the writings of Plato, had the greatest impact on religion because of his inversion of what is called "real," which resulted in dualism and Gnosticism.  Plato's observations and theories laid the groundwork for the political sciences.  Nevertheless, because Socrates' ideas have been imparted through Plato's dialogues, and because it is impossible to know which of the two were the originators of their common philosophies, their contributions to theology and metaphysics are historically referred to as Platonism.  In our introduction to Classical philosophy we will begin to see how Platonism has influenced religion.  Plato's views on government and state will be taken up in later chapters.  We will only remark on Aristotle as his views are noted in particular by the Church Fathers, Schoolmen, and philosophers of more recent periods.
Plato was born in the 420's B.C. into an aristocratic family.  He lived in Athens during the time of the Peloponnesian Wars.  It was a chaotic time in which he saw the democracy of Athens toppled by Sparta, followed briefly by the reign of a tyrannical council appointed by the Spartans.  Democracy was once again restored, but these changing forms of government became the subject of much of Plato's philosophical contemplations.  Plato's The Republic expresses his analysis of various forms of government and the traits of the ideal candidates for leadership, citizenship, and the militia.  The Republic also encapsulates many of the idealistic philosophies of Socrates.
The Greek philosophers did not base their cosmology on the existence of a singular creative agent.  The dialogue with Timaeus32 provides the most important features of Plato's account of creation.  To understand his terminology, we must first be familiar with Socrates' idea of "Forms" and "Goodness."  The realm of Forms is presented in The Republic by the analogies of "The Cave."  The "Dividing Line" is used to show the distinction between the seen and the unseen, and the levels of "realness" in the mind of the philosopher.
The "Allegory of the Cave" supports the philosophical assumption termed "Realism," which is an inversion of what one would normally consider reality to be.  The allegory depicts men in a cave who have spent their lives chained facing the back wall.  They see the shadows of people walking by, but have never actually seen these pedestrians.  Through their intellect the men in the cave began to understand that they are only seeing shadows instead of the real people casting the shadows.  Socrates compares this enlightened state to the wisdom of the philosopher who understands that the objects of the material world are only poor representations, or shadows, of the "real" spiritual objects.  These realities exist as perfect Forms in a higher dimension - the "Realm of Forms".  The ideals of Wisdom, Justice, Beauty, Courage, and Moderation are examples of these Forms.  Their material manifestations are always flawed and considered to be only half-real.
The "Dividing Line" illustrates a more structured and graduated representation of the difference between the perfect Forms and the visible world.  The line is divided into two main sections to distinguish between what is visibly seen and what is mentally perceived.  The visible world only supports conjectures and beliefs, which are represented by the lower parts of the line.  The unseen realm is also divided into a lower segment of the knowledge of available data, and an upper segment of full understanding of what is real and true.  The philosopher is gifted with the ability to attain this higher understanding and thus approach the Realm of the Forms themselves.  (This presumption is the root of several devious notions.  It is the source of the Gnostic's "special knowledge." It holds out the promise that man can gradually approach God; and it gives the impression that man can achieve some higher state - the seed of the theory of evolution.)
The "Sun Analogy" is used to establish the quality of goodness.  The light from the sun is shown to be necessary in order to make use of the eye and to distinguish colors.  Socrates believed it was important to prove in some logical way that some divine agency enables the mind to make judgments from available knowledge.  In effect, knowledge without the basis of goodness would be as useless as the eye without light.  It seems that Socrates needed to establish the existence of goodness in order to contemplate the perfection of the Forms.  Plato makes a similar assumption in his dialogue with Meno33 when he asserts that virtue is necessary in order to apply knowledge wisely.
Now we can proceed to Plato's version of creation and his need to formulate his god. In his work Timaeus, Plato describes a pre-existing state of chaotic motion.  But because order is good, there must have existed a being capable of organizing what was formless and cause it to become orderly.  Plato calls this being the "demiurge," which in Greek means a public worker, or craftsman.  Some of the Gnostics who followed Plato used his name "demiurge" as a mutilated deific being, and often ascribed to him a corrupted nature.  Plato, however, saw his demiurge only as a benevolent craftsman.
Plato's demiurge took "Same-nesses" and "Differences" and created geometric shapes.  Then using these shapes he created the four elements: earth, air, fire, and water.  The demiurge judged that intelligent beings were better than inanimate objects, so he determined to accomplish this end by imparting intelligence to the soul, and then placing the soul into a body.  The result was good because the combination resulted in a whole intelligent being, and wholeness is good.  The demiurge made the earth round because the circle is an ideal shape.  In fact, all of creation was ordered according to the Forms of Wholeness and Goodness.  So, to complete the formation of the world, the demiurge gave it a soul of its own – "The World Soul."
This chapter merely presents an overview of the Platonic concepts so that we might understand their effects on the Christian faith.  Besides exalting the god of this world, these philosophers created two other theological problems.  First, Socrates and Plato supported the case for dualism by their classification of the visible (material) realm as defective and inferior to the perfect Realm of Forms (the spiritual realm).  Secondly, they threw the baby out with bathwater by rejecting the mythical and anthropomorphic Greek gods, only to replace them with their own stone-cold god; an inanimate god of First Principles - without life and devoid of personality.  Dualism (the belief that spirit is good and matter is evil) defies God's opinion that the material world of His creation was "very good." – Gen. 1:31 And, the sterility of the Form-god denies the Father and the Son of the Godhead.  The last issue we will review at this juncture is Plato's Form of Justice as it applies to human virtue.
Plato believed that the human soul has three distinct parts.  The rational part of the soul is the philosophical element and is concerned about truth.  The spiritual part of the soul discerns what is honorable and stirs the emotions of injustice and righteous indignation.  The sensual part of the soul desires physical satisfaction and is responsible for causing the soul to lust after base desires.  Plato taught that the "Just Life" is accomplished when the soul maintains a healthy balance which fulfills the needs of the soul's three aspects.  These parts of the soul can only become equitable when it is ruled by the rational part.  Plato said that the philosopher is best suited to train his soul properly by directing it toward the higher aspects of truth found in the Forms.
Finally, it should be noted that Plato thought the reward during a thousand-year afterlife would be based on how justly a person lived; thus, somehow satisfying the Forms, or perhaps Goodness, by having inclined the soul toward the perfection of the various Forms.  It is fascinating that Plato doesn't ascribe deity to either the Forms or the demiurge, yet he suggests that there is a living judge of souls.  This is actually just another proof that no matter what system of theo-engineering mankind might create and espouse, what may be known of the real and living God has been revealed to man so that he is without excuse.
Whether Socrates and Plato rejected the ancient Greek gods because they were stirred by an awareness of the monotheistic God of the Jews is uncertain.  But they did not embrace the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and chose instead to imagine a god of their own.  Perhaps with the naïveté of Mary Shelley's Doctor Frankenstein,34 Plato inadvertently provided a body for the god of this world: the World Soul.  Frankenstein's monster was created by planting a living brain into a dead body.  Plato placed a dead, but rational, god into the minds of men and has created a religious monster - a god who is nothing more than a systematic assembly of reasonable ideas.  In spite of his patched-together and lifeless appearance, this imposter has been received and worshipped by the world and by many Church Fathers for more than two thousand years.
After Plato's death, the Athens Academy continued but soon drifted from the philosophy of the Old-Academy.  By the third century B.C., many philosophers of the New-Academy were skeptics or had embraced Pythagorean philosophies.  Over this same span of time, Philip of Macedon and his son, Alexander the Great, had expanded the Grecian Empire from the Eastern Mediterranean to India.  Alexander was tutored during his teenage years by Aristotle.  The Greek language and the classical Greek philosophies spread throughout the conquered nations.  But the assimilation of the far-eastern cultures into the Grecian world also facilitated the flow of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs into Eastern Europe.
Figure 3 - Alexander's Empire35

Alexander sought to unify his empire by mandating the use of the Greek language throughout.  This campaign was so successful that even the Latin Church Fathers wrote in Greek rather than Latin well into the third century.  The Holy Land was also assimilated into the Greek culture.  Jerusalem, Beth Shean, Ammon, and Samaria were all given Greek names.  These and other cities were also Grecianized by the construction of temples and marketplaces.  By the second century A.D., and throughout the Talmudic period, even the Rabbis spoke Greek in public, and Aramaic permeated with Greek words in informal conversation and writing; though they retained the use of Mishnaic Hebrew in their schools.  By the time of Christ, the Greek Septuagint was in common use among the Jews throughout the Roman Empire.  As we noted previously, the Books of Moses had already been translated into Greek prior to the compilation of the Septuagint.
As to the Pentateuch the following view seems plausible, and is now commonly accepted in its broad lines: The Jews in the last two centuries B.C. were so numerous in Egypt, especially at Alexandria, that at a certain time they formed two-fifths of the entire population. Little by little most of them ceased to use and even forgot the Hebrew language in great part, and there was a danger of their forgetting the Law. Consequently it became customary to interpret in Greek the Law which was read in the synagogues, and it was quite natural that, after a time, some men zealous for the Law should have undertaken to compile a Greek Translation of the Pentateuch. This happened about the middle of the third century B.C.
As to the other Hebrew books - the prophetical and historical - it was natural that the Alexandrian Jews, making use of the translated Pentateuch in their liturgical reunions, should desire to read the remaining books also and hence should gradually have translated all of them into Greek, which had become their maternal language; this would be so much the more likely as their knowledge of Hebrew was diminishing daily. It is not possible to determine accurately the precise time or the occasions on which these different translations were made; but it is certain that the Law, the Prophets, and at least part of the other books, that is, the hagiographies, existed in Greek before the year 130 B.C., as appears from the prologue of Ecclesiasticus, which does not date later than that year.36
Just prior to the time of Christ, Philo of Alexandria began to synthesize the Classical Greek philosophies with the Old Testament writings.  His melding of Platonism and Judaism was not embraced by the general Jewish community, but it did leave its impression upon the early Church.  Philo referred to Plato as "the most holy Plato;" although he also incorporated the ideas of the Stoics, Pythagoreans, and other philosophers.  As a result, Philo's writings stressed the Platonic virtues while discouraging human emotions.  Philo's Hellenistic approach to interpreting the Old Testament had an enduring effect on the Christian Church; especially upon Clement and Origin of Alexandria, as well as Justin Martyr and Tertullian.  Philo's impact on Christian theology was so great that Jerome considered Philo to be one of the Church Fathers.
The Platonic ideals, so long as they ran parallel to the gospel, were employed by the North African and Latin Fathers to explain the principles of the Christian faith.  Instead of acknowledging that God had fully revealed Himself through His Word and His Christ, these Fathers were willing to include collaborative insights from the Gentiles.  This extra-biblical revelation was received just as the modern Church might receive the teachings of Joseph Smith or Mohammed, so long as they appear to agree with the Bible.  Paul had pointed out the inferiority of man's wisdom.  And the First Letter of John seems to have addressed Plato's assertion that only the philosopher can grasp the full knowledge of the Forms.  But somehow, only the Gnostic derivations of the Platonic concepts were recognized as extreme and heretical.  Even the pure Platonists rejected the Gnostics - effectively engaging the Church as the defenders of the "good" philosophers. 
By the second century of the Church, the effects of Plato's philosophy had spawned several branches of Gnosticism.  Widely varying schools of Gnosticism have emerged over the centuries.  We will now quickly touch on their common assumptions.  Most Gnostics employed some type of demiurge which was assumed to have overflowed from the overabundance of the greatness of an immortal "First Cause."  The demiurge and the Nous (knowledge) emanated directly from the "One being" (Monad), or indirectly through iterations of intermediate degenerations.  Either the demiurge or its own emanations were responsible for the creation of the material realm.
Most Platonists are dualistic in their condemnation of matter, and of the human body.  Those who incorporated an incarnate Christ in their scheme are called Docetists (from the Gr. dokein - to seem).  The Docetists portrayed Jesus as a phantom figure because they believed a good Savior must be spiritual and therefore could not be contaminated by a body of flesh.  Furthermore, they often concluded that the Creator of the material world, the God of the Old Testament, was an evil demiurge because matter is bad.  The Gnostic Christ of the New Testament came to reveal the good god, and to reconcile man to his Monad.
Even though Gnosticism has always been condemned by the Church, its theology is merely a logical extension of Platonic thought.  Once the Gnostics gave their rather vague and messy explanation of creation, they ended up with a fairly logical explanation for the existence of evil.  The Gnostic's (and the good Platonist's) system also supports the assumption that the ascetic life is better than the materialistic life.  So good, and bad, Platonism would seem to support the same spiritual frame of mind taught by Christianity.  The Gnostics were condemned by the Platonists and the Church, because they portrayed the creator as an evil god.  The Church also declared the Gnostic's docetic Christology to be heretical.
As we have already noted, it would appear from First John that the exaltation of so-called knowledge was already present during the Apostolic Age.  This assumption is also supported by what has been termed "the Gnostic Gospels," which were so designated because of their inclusion of Gnostic concepts.  But it was actually the good Platonists whose philosophy was able to penetrate the Christian Church's defenses.  Around 204 A.D., an Alexandrian philosopher named Ammonius Saccas consolidated the views of Plato and Aristotle into a form that was palatable to the young Christian Church.  Ammonius appears to have been familiar with Christianity and some have suggested that he was born in a Christian home.  Most of what is known of Ammonius is contained in the writings of his student, Plotinus.
Plotinus left extensive notes about his philosophy which were compiled by his follower Porphyry.  The philosophy of Plotinus became known as Neo-Platonism, and forms the basis for the system which is usually referred to today as Platonic thought.  After studying under Ammonius for eleven years, Plotinus went to Persia to study Persian philosophy, intending to continue on to India.  His journey was halted by war in Persia, so he remained for a time in Antioch.  From Antioch he traveled to Rome where he spent 24 years writing and teaching.  His philosophy is represented by Porphyry's compilation of the writings of Plotinus, which he titled The Six Enneads.37 Below is list of his Platonic understanding of reality:
  • Plotinus incorporated the Pythagorean concept of the Monad which he called the One.
  • The One is incapable of "doing" anything because activity would negate the One's unchangeableness.
  • The One cannot be any existing thing, but is sheer potentiality.
  • The One cannot even be self-aware because that would require activity.
  • The One is Good, Beauty, etc. (similar to Socrates Forms)
  • The One's first emanation, or First Will, is the Nous (Divine Mind) who Plotinus compares to light from the sun.
  • The Soul is reflected by the Nous as the moon reflects the sun's light.
  • All of creation is a series of lesser emanations, matter being the lowest.
  • The World Soul proceeds from the Nous and has two levels.
  • Human souls emanate from the upper level of the World Soul.
  • Nature emanates from the lower level of World Soul.
  • Eudaimonia is a state of happiness that is independent of mortal circumstances. (The Encyclopedia Britannica defines eudaimonia as "the state of having a good indwelling spirit, a good genius"; and "’happiness’ is not at all an adequate translation of this word."38
  • Man can recognize the One through the Forms of Goodness and Beauty.
  • Oneness is unity with the One.  (Porphyry said that Plotinus achieved oneness four times during his life.)
As would be expected, Plotinus disdained matter - including his own body.  He would not allow a portrait to be painted of his body, nor recognize his childhood, heritage, or the date of his birth.  Plotinus believed the true human soul to be incorporeal, and that eudaimonia could be achieved only through reason.  He calls the man who has attained Happiness the "Proficient" man.  "For man, and especially the Proficient, is not the Couplement of Soul and body: the proof is that man can be disengaged from the body and disdain its nominal goods." (Enneads I.4.14)  "The Proficient’s will is set always and only inward." (Enneads I.4.11)
The Early Church Fathers, Clement of Alexandria and his student, Origin, were both the contemporaries of Ammonius and Plotinus.  Clement's writings were influenced by the Greeks to the extent that they contain more than sixty references to Homer's works.39 He also used the same three divisions of the soul (character, actions, and passions) which Plato had made in his book, The Republic.40  Origin was one of the most prolific writers of the Apologetic Age.  His idealistic and allegorical technique of Bible interpretation was adopted by the Universal Church well into the second millennium, with only intermittent resistance from literalists.  During this dark age, the higher allegorical meaning of God's Word was the only interpretation deemed to be inspired, while the literal reading of the Bible was considered to be worldly and of secondary importance.
Here is an example from Origen’s commentary on Luke 10:30-37.  His philosophical meanings from Jesus' parable of the Good Samaritan miss the entire point of Jesus' teaching and reach for the "higher" spiritual meaning.  These are Origins conclusions:
The traveler in the Good Samaritan is Adam.  Jerusalem (where the traveler was going) is ParadiseJericho is the world.  The robbers are hostile demons.  The priest is the law.  The Levite is the prophets.  The Good Samaritan is Christ.  The traveler’s wounds are disobedience.  The donkey is the Lord’s body.  The inn is the church.  And the two denarius that he paid to the innkeeper were the Father and the Son.  The innkeeper is the bishop.
The Platonists felt like the obvious meaning was too earthly.  The higher spiritual meaning became the focus of the Church.  The obvious meanings where considered mundane and of little value compared to the higher spiritual "mysteries" of God.  Soon the church developed the rule that only the bishops were qualified to derive the correct meanings to these mysteries.  This concentration of knowledge within the upper clergy was necessary because the lower clergy and laymen might come to different conclusions  in interpreting these allegories.  Obviously, if every Christian had been given the opportunity to read and interpret the Bible, they would never have come up with the same meanings.  What if some people thought the innkeeper was a priest?  Or that the two denarius were just a couple coins?  All of Christendom would fall into confusion.  So for hundreds of years the Bible was kept out of the hands of the people.
Origin's precedent of obscuring the practical meaning of the Scriptures affected the next 1,200 years of the Church, and is still applied by Roman Catholics to the Book of Revelation.  A proper fear of the Lord God would have discouraged Origen from taking such liberties in his interpretation of God's Word.  Surely, if Origin had a personal understanding of the gospel of salvation, he would not have diminished its power and simplicity by burying it under his presumptuous fables.  He was, nevertheless, devoted, industrious, and brilliant.  His study of the ancient manuscripts and endless hours of scholarship made his work all the more popular.
Origin's asceticism was so extreme that (according to many Church Historians) he went beyond celibacy and emasculated himself; thus doing everything humanly possible to please the dualistic god of First Principals.  The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy applauds Clements efforts to infuse Platonism into Christian doctrine.
Origen of Alexandria, one of the greatest Christian theologians, is famous for composing the seminal work of Christian Neo-Platonism, his treatise On First Principles. . . Origen lived through a turbulent period of the Christian Church, when persecution was wide-spread and little or no doctrinal consensus existed among the various regional churches.  In this environment, Gnosticism flourished, and Origen was the first truly philosophical thinker to turn his hand not only to a refutation of Gnosticism, but to offer an alternative Christian system that was more rigorous and philosophically respectable than the mythological speculations of the various Gnostic sects.  Origen was also an astute critic of the pagan philosophy of his era, yet he also learned much from it, and adapted its most useful and edifying teachings to a grand elucidation of the Christian faith.  Porphyry (the illustrious student of Plotinus), though a tenacious adversary of Christianity, nevertheless grudgingly admitted Origen's mastery of the Greek philosophical tradition.  In this work [On First Principles] Origen establishes his main doctrines, including that of the Holy Trinity (based upon standard Middle Platonic triadic emanation schemas); the pre-existence and fall of souls; multiple ages and transmigration of souls; and the eventual restoration of all souls to a state of dynamic perfection in proximity to the godhead.41
And so, Platonism became firmly rooted in Christianity and led the Church down several dark paths, two of which are addressed by Paul in his letters.  In Colossians 2:20-23 Paul warns of the apparent wisdom in the doctrines of men.  "Therefore, if you died with Christ from the basic principles of the world, why, as though living in the world, do you subject yourselves to regulations – ‘Do not touch, do not taste, do not handle,’ which all concern things which perish with the using - according to the commandments and doctrines of men?  These things indeed have an appearance of wisdom in self-imposed religion, false humility, and neglect of the body, but are of no value against the indulgence of the flesh."
Platonism holds out the promise that people can become spiritual by depriving themselves of legitimate material needs.  This has the appearance of wisdom to those who believe that all matter, including the body, is evil.  When Paul wrote that the spirit and the flesh war against each other, he used the Greek word "sarx," which refers to the fallen sin-self, not to the material body (Gr. soma).  God is the one who created the body.  The warfare is not between God and his creation.  In fact, Paul states in Ephesians that no man ever hated his own body.  The Platonists' problem stems from their dualistic belief that denying matter somehow moves them toward the realm of the spirit, as if the spirit were nothing more than the opposite of matter.  God created the heavens and the earth.  They are not at odds with one another.  They are simply two different realms.  Platonism assumes that man has somehow fallen from heaven into the material world, so avoiding matter should propel him back into heaven.  What Jesus said to the Pharisees also applies to the Platonists; they didn't know where Jesus came from, and they didn't know where He was going.  The Platonist, likewise, does not know where man came from, or where man is going after this life.
The fact that the ascetic neglect of the body is of no value against the indulgence of the flesh has been proven throughout history.  Those philosophers who have tried to live morally by their own self-imposed virtue have most often failed miserably.  Without the fear of a real God who sees and who has the power to judge, man must rely on the strength of his own willpower.  The gospel does not teach that man can approach God by becoming more spiritual; it teaches that man can receive the Holy Spirit of God as a gift by faith in Christ.  And it teaches that man can be reconciled to God by the forgiveness of sin which was purchased by Jesus' sacrifice on the cross.
Furthermore, man was not created to reflect the light of God, but to enjoy the fellowship of the living God; and, through Christ, to be united with God, and to be renewed with the life of God.  Reflection implies separation.  There must be a distance between the source of light and its object.  Christians experience a life-connection with God as Jesus illustrated when He said that He is the vine and His disciples are the branches.  Separated from Christ we can do nothing of eternal consequence.  Plato has offered nothing which can improve the gospel.  Platonic thought is a different gospel altogether, which has only served to lead men away from the true gospel.
"Now the Spirit expressly says that in latter times some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons, speaking lies in hypocrisy, having their own conscience seared with a hot iron, forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from foods which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth." - I Tim. 4:1-3
The denial of legitimate physical needs has caused much injury to the body of Christ.  The ascetic lifestyle and celibacy of the Eastern religions was made honorable among Christians by Platonic dualism.  But God created male and female so that they might be fruitful and multiply.  Man does not satisfy his Creator by denying God's very purpose for His design as male and female.  As we will see when we study the history of the Church, very few Christian leaders were able to fulfill their vows of celibacy.  Either through concubinage, or even more immoral behavior, the human body of God's design has found an outlet for its God-given purpose.  God gives his grace of chastity so that His people might remain pure until marriage.  But lifelong celibacy is a rare gift.
Fortunately, the Reformers recognized that the requirements for clergymen, as instructed by the Pastoral Epistles, are based upon the success of the family man.  Even Peter and the other Apostles had wives which they did not desert as they spread the gospel.  We should observe that it was the ascetics of the Early Church who insisted on the eternal virginity of Mary because of their need for a role model - a model not set by the Apostles.
Lastly, this Platonic dualism led to the practice of self-mortification among the monasteries of the Middle Ages.  This schizophrenia of pitting the soul against its own body is one of the most repulsive displays of Christianity-gone-awry.  "No one can live without delight, and that is why a man deprived of spiritual joy goes over to carnal pleasures."  St. Thomas Aquinas42
Has not God made foolish the wisdom of this world?  The best philosophies and the highest ideals of man cannot reach into the heavens of God's creation.  The distinguishing factor between the gods of philosophy and the God of the Bible can be summarized in two words:  "Life" and "Love."  The lifeless One cannot give life to his followers.  Neither have the Forms made a home in the heavens for their ascetic worshipers.  Diluting the gospel with worldly wisdom has given mankind the impression that the fruit of the Holy Spirit can be produced by human virtue.  This soul-centric system portrays the benefits of reflecting the Forms as proceeding from man's reason, an inversion of the reality that grace proceeds to man from God because of His mercy and love.  Principles and Forms have no love to offer.  The grand philosophers turned from their marble statues merely to create their own lifeless idols of the mind.  Little children, keep your self from idols.

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